What is frozen shoulder, and how is it treated?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition that affects the shoulder joint, making it stiff and difficult to move. The condition is more common in women than men, and often occurs in people in their 40s and 50s.

Stages of frozen shoulder

Medical experts say frozen shoulder develops when the tissue surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, leading to soreness, stiffness and reduced range of motion.

Frozen shoulder progresses through three stages: the "freezing" stage marked by increasing pain and loss of motion, the "frozen" stage where stiffness persists even as pain improves, and the "thawing" stage when movement gradually returns.

Risk factors for frozen shoulder

While the exact cause is not known, frozen shoulder is linked to certain risk factors.

Studies show that about 10% to 20% of people with diabetes will experience it, and individuals with other metabolic conditions, such as thyroid disease, may also be at higher risk. The condition affects roughly 2% to 5% of the population.

Treatments for frozen shoulder

Treatment usually begins with physical therapy to restore movement and relieve discomfort. Over-the-counter pain relievers, as well as heat or ice therapy, may help manage symptoms.

In more severe cases, surgical intervention can be used to release the tightened joint capsule, though many patients recover without the need for surgery.

When to seek medical help

Doctors recommend anyone experiencing persistent shoulder pain or stiffness consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options.