When do you need a measles vaccine?

There are confirmed measles cases in Oklahoma. Do you need to get the vaccine? Here's what you need to know.

The Oklahoma State Department of Health recently reported two measles cases linked to an outbreak originating in Texas and New Mexico, underscoring the importance of vaccination for protection against this highly contagious disease.

Who Needs the Measles Vaccine?

The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is the most effective way to prevent measles, and certain groups are strongly encouraged to get vaccinated. Here's when you need the vaccine:

1. Children under 5 years old
2. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that children receive their first dose of the MMR vaccine at 12 to 15 months and the second dose between 4 and 6 years old.
3. These doses provide about 97% protection against measles.
4. Adults born after 1957
5. People born in 1957 or later who have not been vaccinated should receive at least one dose of the MMR vaccine. This is because measles was common in the U.S. before the introduction of the vaccine in 1963, and many adults may not have immunity.
6. If you're unsure about your vaccination status, it’s recommended to get the vaccine, especially if you're traveling internationally or working in healthcare.
7. Pregnant women who are not immune
8. Pregnant women who have not received two doses of the MMR vaccine should consult their doctor about vaccination options before becoming pregnant, as measles can cause serious complications during pregnancy. However, the vaccine should not be given during pregnancy.
9. Individuals with weakened immune systems
10. People with weakened immune systems due to conditions like cancer, HIV/AIDS, or certain medications may be at increased risk for complications from measles. If you're unsure about your vaccination status, consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

What if You’ve Been Exposed to Measles?

If you’ve been exposed to someone with measles and have not been vaccinated or do not have a history of prior infection, you may still have options for prevention. The Oklahoma State Department of Health recommends:

1. Consult with your healthcare provider to see if post-exposure prophylaxis, such as the MMR vaccine, is appropriate.
2. Excluding yourself from public settings for up to 21 days after exposure, even if you don’t have symptoms, to prevent the spread of the virus.

What If You’ve Already Had Measles?

If you’ve had measles in the past, you're likely immune and do not need the vaccine. However, if you’re unsure, a blood test can help determine whether you have immunity.

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Why Is the Measles Vaccine Important?

Measles is highly contagious and can spread quickly, especially in communities where vaccination rates are low. One person with measles can spread the virus to 12 to 18 others, making it critical for everyone who is eligible to get vaccinated. The MMR vaccine is the most effective measure for preventing measles, offering 93% protection with one dose and 97% protection with two doses.

Traveling or Visiting Areas with Outbreaks

If you're planning to travel to areas where measles is more common, such as parts of Africa, Asia, or Europe, make sure your vaccinations are up to date before departure. Even if you’ve had the vaccine in the past, traveling to outbreak zones increases your risk of exposure.

In Summary:

1. Children need two doses of the MMR vaccine, starting at 12 months.
2. Adults born after 1957 should ensure they are vaccinated, especially if traveling internationally or working in healthcare.
3. Pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems should consult with their doctor.
4. Vaccination is the key to prevention, as measles is one of the most contagious diseases.

If you're unsure about your vaccination status, it’s always a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider to ensure you and your family are protected. Stay informed, stay vaccinated, and help protect your community from measles.